to destroy completely

impello ( inp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. inpellier, Lucr. 6, 1060), v. a. [in-pello], to push, drive, or strike against a thing; to strike, reach.

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet.):

cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus,

Verg. A. 1, 82:

vocales impellere pollice chordas,

to strike, Tib. 2, 5, 3; cf. Ov. M. 10, 145:

aequora remis,

id. ib. 3, 657; cf.:

infidum remis marmor,

Verg. G. 1, 254:

impellunt animae lintea Thraciae,

swell, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2:

auras mugitibus,

Ov. M. 3, 21; cf.:

maternas aures Luctus,

Verg. G. 4, 349:

sensus,

Lucr. 1, 303:

colles canoris plausibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 175: cui patuere Alpes saxa impellentia caelum,

Sil. 11, 217: cum fretum non impulit Ister, does not strike, i. e. does not empty into, Luc. 5, 437:

impulsum ab eo dextri pedis pollice,

Suet. Calig. 57:

subitus antennas impulit ignis,

Juv. 12, 19.—

In partic., with the access. idea of motion, to drive forward, set in motion, urge on, impel (class.):

biremes subjectis scutulis impulsas vectibus in interiorem partem transduxit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 4:

(navem) triplici versu (remorum),

Verg. A. 5, 119:

puppim remis velisque,

Sil. 1, 568:

ratem (levis aura),

Ov. M. 15, 697:

currum,

Val. Fl. 6, 6:

equum calce,

Sil. 7, 697; cf.:

cornipedem planta,

id. 2, 71:

Zephyris primum impellentibus undas,

Verg. G. 4, 305:

fluctus (ventus),

Petr. 114:

aequor velis,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

praemissus eques postremos ac latera impulit,

id. ib. 2, 17: utque impulit arma, i. e. brandished, flourished, Verg. A. 8, 3:

remos,

id. ib. 4, 594:

sagittam nervo,

to shoot, discharge, Ov. M. 11, 325:

semen vehementius urinam impellit,

drives down, promotes the discharge of, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 180:

praecipitantem igitur impellamus et perditum prosternamus,

give a push to, Cic. Clu. 26, 70; Tac. A. 4, 22:

procumbunt orni, nodosa impellitur ilex,

is overthrown, thrown down, Luc. 3, 440:

impulit aciem,

forced to give way, broke, Liv. 9, 40, 9; cf.:

hostem primo impetu impulit,

id. 9, 27, 9:

impulsis hostibus castra cepit,

Vell. 2, 70, 1:

impulit Vitellianos modica caede,

Tac. H. 3, 16:

quem (hostem) si inpellere maturasset,

id. ib. 4, 34;

78 al.— Designating the limit: in fugam atque in latebras impellere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22:

se in vulnus,

Vell. 2, 70 fin.:

inque meos ferrum flammasque Penates Impulit,

Ov. M. 12, 552:

ferrum capulo tenus,

Sil. 9, 382:

(Aufidus) in aequora fluctus,

id. 7, 482; 14, 429:

jamque diem ad metas defessis Phoebus Olympo Impellebat equis,

id. 11, 270.

Trop.

To move to a thing; to impel, incite, urge; esp., to instigate, stimulate, persuade (the predom. signif. in good prose); constr. usu. with aliquem in or ad aliquid and ut; less freq. with a terminal adverb, the inf., the simple acc., or absol.

Aliquem in aliquid:

nisi eum di immortales in eam mentem impulissent, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

hic in fraudem homines impulit,

id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Lael. 24, 89; and:

in fraudem impulsus,

id. Deiot. 12, 32:

in sermonem,

id. de Or. 2, 89, 363:

in plurimas animum audientium species impellere,

Quint. 12, 10, 43.—

Aliquem ad aliquid (so most freq.):

ad quam quemque artem putabat esse aptum, ad eam impellere atque hortari solebat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

ad veterum annalium memoriam comprehendendam impulsi atque incensi,

id. Brut. 5, 19:

facile ad credendum,

id. Rep. 2, 10:

aliquos ad omne facinus,

id. ib. 6, 1:

ad maleficium,

Auct. Her. 2, 21, 34:

ad injuriam faciendam,

Cic. Fl. 34, 85:

ad scelus,

id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

ad bellum,

id. Sull. 13, 36:

ad crudelitatem,

Quint. 8, 3, 85:

ad metum, cupiditatem, odium, conciliationem,

id. 3, 8, 12 et saep.—

With ut:

quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero litteris mandaremus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 77:

Germanos tam facile impelli, ut in Galliam venirent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 166; id. Rep. 3, 2; id. Fin. 3, 20, 65; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51 et saep.—

With a terminal adv.:

dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc illuc impellitur,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

impulit huc animos,

Luc. 8, 454:

voluntates impellere quo velit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30.—

With inf.:

fuerunt quos pavor nando capessere fugam impulerit,

Liv. 22, 6, 7:

quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis?

Verg. A. 2, 520; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 10:

quendam impulit servilem ei amorem obicere,

id. ib. 14, 60; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; Stat. Th. 10, 737; Just. 3, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4; 29, 4, 5.—

With the simple acc.:

ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone,

to arouse, address, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65; Val. Fl. 4, 486:

cum praetor lictorem impellat,

Juv. 3, 128:

quis modo casus impulit hos,

id. 15, 120:

vernacula multitudo, lasciviae sueta, impellere ceterorum rudes animos,

to instigate, stimulate, Tac. A. 1, 31 Ritter. (Nipperd. implere).—In pass.:

(ut) qui audiunt aut impellantur aut reflectantur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 312:

Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus ab Aeduis defecisse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3:

vel iratum vel impulsum ab aliis,

Quint. 11, 1, 71:

hac fama impulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 72:

impulsus irā... Quibus iris impulsus,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 35:

furore atque amentia impulsus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 4:

hac impulsi occasione,

id. ib. 7, 1, 3:

Induciomari nuntiis impulsi,

id. ib. 5, 26, 2:

Cassandrae impulsus furiis,

Verg. A. 10, 68 et saep.:

quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

Quint. 7, 1, 10:

cum simul terra, simul mari bellum impelleretur,

Tac. Agr. 25; cf.:

impulsum bellum,

Luc. 7, 5; 7, 330.—

Absol.: cui (daimoniôi) sempel ipse paruerit, numquam impellenti, saepe revocanti, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122:

qui nullo impellente fallebant,

id. Fl. 8, 20:

uno ictu frequenter impellunt (sententiae),

Quint. 12, 10, 48.—

To overthrow, subdue, destroy (rare): praecipitantem igitur impellamus, et perditum prosternamus, Cic. Clu. 26, 70:

miseri post fata Sychaei... Solus hic (Aeneas) inflexit sensus animumque labantem Impulit,

i. e. has completely subdued, Verg. A. 4, 23:

impellere ruentem,

to destroy completely, Tac. H. 2, 63 fin.:

inpulsas Vitellii res audietis,

id. ib. 3, 2:

inmenso Achaicae victoriae momento ad impellendos mores,

Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149:

impulsum bellum,

i. e. brought near to a close, Luc. 5, 330:

impellens quidquid sibi, summa petenti, obstaret,

id. 1, 149:

tum leviter est temptatum,... et nunc maximo temporum nostrorum auctore prope inpulsum,

Quint. 3, 4, 2 Spald. N. cr.

impello ( inp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. inpellier, Lucr. 6, 1060), v. a. [in-pello], to push, drive, or strike against a thing; to strike, reach.

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet.):

cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus,

Verg. A. 1, 82:

vocales impellere pollice chordas,

to strike, Tib. 2, 5, 3; cf. Ov. M. 10, 145:

aequora remis,

id. ib. 3, 657; cf.:

infidum remis marmor,

Verg. G. 1, 254:

impellunt animae lintea Thraciae,

swell, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2:

auras mugitibus,

Ov. M. 3, 21; cf.:

maternas aures Luctus,

Verg. G. 4, 349:

sensus,

Lucr. 1, 303:

colles canoris plausibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 175: cui patuere Alpes saxa impellentia caelum,

Sil. 11, 217: cum fretum non impulit Ister, does not strike, i. e. does not empty into, Luc. 5, 437:

impulsum ab eo dextri pedis pollice,

Suet. Calig. 57:

subitus antennas impulit ignis,

Juv. 12, 19.—

In partic., with the access. idea of motion, to drive forward, set in motion, urge on, impel (class.):

biremes subjectis scutulis impulsas vectibus in interiorem partem transduxit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 4:

(navem) triplici versu (remorum),

Verg. A. 5, 119:

puppim remis velisque,

Sil. 1, 568:

ratem (levis aura),

Ov. M. 15, 697:

currum,

Val. Fl. 6, 6:

equum calce,

Sil. 7, 697; cf.:

cornipedem planta,

id. 2, 71:

Zephyris primum impellentibus undas,

Verg. G. 4, 305:

fluctus (ventus),

Petr. 114:

aequor velis,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

praemissus eques postremos ac latera impulit,

id. ib. 2, 17: utque impulit arma, i. e. brandished, flourished, Verg. A. 8, 3:

remos,

id. ib. 4, 594:

sagittam nervo,

to shoot, discharge, Ov. M. 11, 325:

semen vehementius urinam impellit,

drives down, promotes the discharge of, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 180:

praecipitantem igitur impellamus et perditum prosternamus,

give a push to, Cic. Clu. 26, 70; Tac. A. 4, 22:

procumbunt orni, nodosa impellitur ilex,

is overthrown, thrown down, Luc. 3, 440:

impulit aciem,

forced to give way, broke, Liv. 9, 40, 9; cf.:

hostem primo impetu impulit,

id. 9, 27, 9:

impulsis hostibus castra cepit,

Vell. 2, 70, 1:

impulit Vitellianos modica caede,

Tac. H. 3, 16:

quem (hostem) si inpellere maturasset,

id. ib. 4, 34;

78 al.— Designating the limit: in fugam atque in latebras impellere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22:

se in vulnus,

Vell. 2, 70 fin.:

inque meos ferrum flammasque Penates Impulit,

Ov. M. 12, 552:

ferrum capulo tenus,

Sil. 9, 382:

(Aufidus) in aequora fluctus,

id. 7, 482; 14, 429:

jamque diem ad metas defessis Phoebus Olympo Impellebat equis,

id. 11, 270.

Trop.

To move to a thing; to impel, incite, urge; esp., to instigate, stimulate, persuade (the predom. signif. in good prose); constr. usu. with aliquem in or ad aliquid and ut; less freq. with a terminal adverb, the inf., the simple acc., or absol.

Aliquem in aliquid:

nisi eum di immortales in eam mentem impulissent, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

hic in fraudem homines impulit,

id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Lael. 24, 89; and:

in fraudem impulsus,

id. Deiot. 12, 32:

in sermonem,

id. de Or. 2, 89, 363:

in plurimas animum audientium species impellere,

Quint. 12, 10, 43.—

Aliquem ad aliquid (so most freq.):

ad quam quemque artem putabat esse aptum, ad eam impellere atque hortari solebat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

ad veterum annalium memoriam comprehendendam impulsi atque incensi,

id. Brut. 5, 19:

facile ad credendum,

id. Rep. 2, 10:

aliquos ad omne facinus,

id. ib. 6, 1:

ad maleficium,

Auct. Her. 2, 21, 34:

ad injuriam faciendam,

Cic. Fl. 34, 85:

ad scelus,

id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

ad bellum,

id. Sull. 13, 36:

ad crudelitatem,

Quint. 8, 3, 85:

ad metum, cupiditatem, odium, conciliationem,

id. 3, 8, 12 et saep.—

With ut:

quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero litteris mandaremus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 77:

Germanos tam facile impelli, ut in Galliam venirent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 166; id. Rep. 3, 2; id. Fin. 3, 20, 65; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51 et saep.—

With a terminal adv.:

dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc illuc impellitur,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

impulit huc animos,

Luc. 8, 454:

voluntates impellere quo velit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30.—

With inf.:

fuerunt quos pavor nando capessere fugam impulerit,

Liv. 22, 6, 7:

quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis?

Verg. A. 2, 520; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 10:

quendam impulit servilem ei amorem obicere,

id. ib. 14, 60; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; Stat. Th. 10, 737; Just. 3, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4; 29, 4, 5.—

With the simple acc.:

ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone,

to arouse, address, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65; Val. Fl. 4, 486:

cum praetor lictorem impellat,

Juv. 3, 128:

quis modo casus impulit hos,

id. 15, 120:

vernacula multitudo, lasciviae sueta, impellere ceterorum rudes animos,

to instigate, stimulate, Tac. A. 1, 31 Ritter. (Nipperd. implere).—In pass.:

(ut) qui audiunt aut impellantur aut reflectantur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 312:

Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus ab Aeduis defecisse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3:

vel iratum vel impulsum ab aliis,

Quint. 11, 1, 71:

hac fama impulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 72:

impulsus irā... Quibus iris impulsus,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 35:

furore atque amentia impulsus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 4:

hac impulsi occasione,

id. ib. 7, 1, 3:

Induciomari nuntiis impulsi,

id. ib. 5, 26, 2:

Cassandrae impulsus furiis,

Verg. A. 10, 68 et saep.:

quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

Quint. 7, 1, 10:

cum simul terra, simul mari bellum impelleretur,

Tac. Agr. 25; cf.:

impulsum bellum,

Luc. 7, 5; 7, 330.—

Absol.: cui (daimoniôi) sempel ipse paruerit, numquam impellenti, saepe revocanti, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122:

qui nullo impellente fallebant,

id. Fl. 8, 20:

uno ictu frequenter impellunt (sententiae),

Quint. 12, 10, 48.—

To overthrow, subdue, destroy (rare): praecipitantem igitur impellamus, et perditum prosternamus, Cic. Clu. 26, 70:

miseri post fata Sychaei... Solus hic (Aeneas) inflexit sensus animumque labantem Impulit,

i. e. has completely subdued, Verg. A. 4, 23:

impellere ruentem,

to destroy completely, Tac. H. 2, 63 fin.:

inpulsas Vitellii res audietis,

id. ib. 3, 2:

inmenso Achaicae victoriae momento ad impellendos mores,

Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149:

impulsum bellum,

i. e. brought near to a close, Luc. 5, 330:

impellens quidquid sibi, summa petenti, obstaret,

id. 1, 149:

tum leviter est temptatum,... et nunc maximo temporum nostrorum auctore prope inpulsum,

Quint. 3, 4, 2 Spald. N. cr.

* * *

* * *

con-sūmo, sumpsi, sumptum, 3 ( perf. sync. consumpsti, Prop. 1, 3, 37; inf. consumpse, Lucr. 1, 234), v. a., to take wholly or completely, i. e.,

Lit.

In gen. (post-Aug. and rare):

vasti surgunt immensis torquibus orbes, tergaque consumunt pelagus,

take up, completely cover, Manil. 5, 584:

tela omnia solus pectore consumo,

Sil. 5, 640; cf.:

clipeo tela,

id. 10, 129:

jugulo ensem,

Stat. Th. 10, 813:

ferrum pectore,

id. ib. 12, 745; cf. id. Achill. 2, 205; Dig. 26, 7, 54.—

In partic., of food, to eat, consume, devour (class.):

agri multa efferunt quae vel statim consumantur vel mandentur condita vetustati,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

frumenta,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43; cf. id. ib. 7, 17;

7, 77: fruges,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27:

vitiatum (aprum),

id. S. 2, 2, 92:

angues,

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

draconem,

Suet. Tib. 72:

mensas accisis dapibus,

Verg. A. 7, 125 al. —

Transf.

In gen., to consume, devour, waste, squander, annihilate, destroy, bring to naught, kill.

Of inanimate things:

faciat quod lubet: Sumat, consumat, perdat,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 56; cf. Sall. C. 12, 2:

patrimonium per luxuriam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

bona paterna,

Quint. 3, 11, 13; 3, 11, 16:

omnem materiam,

Ov. M. 8, 876: omne id aurum in ludos, Liv. 39, 5, 9; Val. Max. 3, 1, 1 fin.; cf. 2. b infra:

omnes fortunas sociorum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11; cf.:

omnes opes et spes privatas meas,

Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 96, 2 Dietsch:

omnia flammā,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14; cf.:

aedes incendio,

Liv. 25, 7, 6:

domum incendio,

Suet. Calig. 59:

consumpturis viscera mea flammis,

Quint. 6, prooem. §

3: viscera fero morsu,

Ov. M. 4, 113:

anulum usu,

id. P. 4, 10, 5; cf.:

ferrum rubigine,

to eat, consume, Curt. 7, 8, 15.—Of time, to spend, pass:

horas multas saepe suavissimo sermone,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 5:

dicendo tempus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 39, § 96:

diem altercatione,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 1; id. Univ. 1 fin.; id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

annua tempora,

Lucr. 5, 618:

consumitur vigiliis reliqua pars noctis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 31; id. B. C. 2, 23:

magnam partem diei,

id. B. G. 5, 9 fin.:

omne tempus,

Liv. 29, 33, 9; 24, 14, 10:

dies decem in his rebus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11:

in eo studio aetatem,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

tota nox in exinaniendā nave consumitur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 64; Caes. B. C. 2, 23, 1:

multos dies per dubitationem,

Sall. J. 62, 9; cf. Tac. H. 4, 43 fin.:

omne tempus circa Medeam,

id. Or. 3:

continuum biduum epulando potandoque,

Suet. Tib. 42: precando Tempora cum blandis verbis, to waste or lose time and words in supplications, Ov. M. 2, 575:

multis diebus et laboribus consumptis,

Sall. J. 93, 1:

ubi longa meae consumpsti tempora noctis?

Prop. 1, 3, 37.—Of strength, feeling, voice, etc.:

in quo tanta commoveri actio non posset, si esset consumpta superiore motu et exhausta,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 103:

adfectus,

Quint. 2, 13, 13; 4, 2, 120:

spiritus,

id. 11, 3, 53:

vocem instans metus,

Tac. H. 1, 42:

ignominiam,

id. ib. 3, 24:

gratiam rei nimiā captatione,

Quint. 8, 6, 51:

vires ipsā subtilitate,

id. 12, 2, 13:

bona ingenii,

id. 12, 5, 2; 3, 11, 23; cf. Sall. J. 25, 11.— Poet.: cum mare, cum terras consumpserit, aëra tentet, i. e.- seek a refuge therein in vain, Ov. H. 6, 161.—

Of living beings.

To destroy, kill:

si me vis aliqua morbi aut natura ipsa consumpsisset,

Cic. Planc. 37, 90; cf.:

quos fortuna belli consumpserat,

Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch:

tantum exercitum fame,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.; so,

siti,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 41 fin.:

acie,

Vell. 2, 52, 5:

morte,

Tib. 1, 3, 55:

morbo,

Nep. Reg. 2, 1:

senio et maerore,

Liv. 40, 54, 1 al. —Facete:

garrulus hunc consumet,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 33.—

Rarely, to waste, weaken, enervate:

inediā et purgationibus et vi ipsius morbi consumptus es,

Cic. Fam. 16, 10, 1; cf. Ov. M. 9, 663;

and consumpta membra senectā,

id. ib. 14, 148.—

In partic.

To divide, make an exhaustive division of (very rare):

inventio in sex partis consumitur,

Auct. Her. 1, 3, 4.—

Aliquid in aliquā re, rar. in aliquid or absol. (in Cic. only with in and abl.; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 53), to bestow upon something, to use, employ, spend upon or about something.

In aliquā re:

pecuniam in agrorum emptionibus,

to lay out, invest, Cic. Agr. 1, 5, 14:

aurum in monumento,

id. ib. 1, 4, 12; Nep. Timoth. 1, 2:

studium in virorum fortium factis memoriae prodendis,

Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 5; cf.:

in armis plurimum studii,

Nep. Epam. 2, 5:

tantum laboris in rebus falsis,

Quint. 12, 11, 15:

curam in re unā,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 48:

ingenium in musicis,

Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 50; cf. id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; id. Sest. 13, 31; Quint. 1, 2, 11.—

In aliquid (cf. the Gr. analiskein eis ti):

tota in dulces consument ubera natos,

Verg. G. 3, 178; Prop. 4 (5), 6, 55:

umorem in arbusta,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 11, 3:

bona paterna in opera publica,

Quint. 3, 11, 13:

pecuniam in monumentum,

Dig. 35, 1, 40 fin. —

Absol.:

si quid consili Habet, ut consumat nunc, quom nil obsint doli,

use up, exhaust, Ter. And. 1, 1, 133.

ē-nĕco or ēnĭco, cŭi (enicavit, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 71), ctum (less freq. enecatum; in the part. enecatus, Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 127; 30, 12, 34, § 108;

and, enectus,

id. 7, 9, 7, § 47; 26, 15, 90, § 159), 1 (old form of the fut. perf. enicasso, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 55 and 66), v. a., to kill off, kill completely, to kill, [p. 646] stay (freq. and class., esp. in the transf. signif.; syn.: neco, interficio, interimo, conficio, caedo, occido, concido, trucido, jugulo, obtrunco, etc.).

Lit.:

puer ambo anguis enicat,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 67; id. Most. 1, 3, 62; id. Aul. 5, 22; id. Rud. 2, 5, 19; Varr. ap. Non. 81, 12; Plin. 23, 2, 31, § 63 et saep.:

cicer, ervum,

i. e. to stifle in growth, to destroy, Plin. 18, 17, 44, § 155; cf.

Bacchum (i. e. vinum),

Luc. 9, 434 (with exurere messes).—

Transf., in gen., to exhaust utterly, to wear out, destroy: enectus Tantalus siti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10 Fischer N. cr.; cf. fame, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 17; Cic. Div. 2, 35; Liv. 21, 40 al.:

bos est enectus arando,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 87.—

In colloq. lang., to torment, torture, plague to death:

aliquem amando,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 41:

aliquem jurgio,

id. ib. 3, 2, 14:

aliquem odio,

id. As. 5, 2, 71; id. Pers. 1, 1, 49; id. Rud. 4, 3, 7:

aliquem rogitando,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 6;

and simply aliquem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 120; id. Am. 5, 1, 4.—Esp. freq.:

enicas or enicas me,

you kill me, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 45; 2, 4, 25; id. Poen. 5, 4, 98; id. Truc. 1, 2, 21; Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 37; 5, 6, 16. —

Trop.:

ea pars animi, quae voluptate alitur, nec inopia enecta nec satietate affluenti,

Cic. Div. 1, 29, 61; cf. id. Att. 6, 1, 2.

ē-verto or - vorto, ti, sum, 3, v. a., to overturn, turn upside down (syn. demolior, destruo, extinguo, diruo, deleo, etc.).

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aequora ventis,

to upturn, agitate, Verg. A. 1, 43; cf.

aquas,

Ov. H. 7, 42:

mare,

Sen. Ep. 4:

campum,

i. e. to plough, Val. Fl. 7, 75:

cervices,

to twist, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 131 Ruhnk.—More freq. and class. (not in Caes.),

In partic.

To overturn any thing from its position, to overthrow, upset, throw down:

naviculam,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 174; id. Par. 3, 1, 20; id. Fin. 4, 27 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 34:

pinum,

Verg. G. 1, 256; Plin. 16, 31, 56 § 130; cf.

poët.: Ismara,

i. e. the trees of Ismarus, Stat. Th. 6, 107:

currum,

Curt. 4, 15; cf.

equum,

Prop. 4 (5), 10, 8.— Transf., of persons:

eversus,

thrown down, Plin. 21, 19, 77, § 132; 26, 13, 85, § 137.—Designating the term. ad quem:

si quis Athon Pindumve revulsos Sede sua, totos in apertum everteret aequor,

Ov. M. 11, 555; cf.:

tecta in dominum,

id. ib. 1, 231.—

Transf., to overthrow, subvert, destroy:

urbes (with diripere),

Cic. Off. 1, 24:

Carthaginem,

id. Rep. 6, 11:

Trojam,

Ov. M. 13, 169:

castellum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 34:

funditus arces,

Sil. 17, 376.—

To turn out, drive out, expel a man from his possession:

ut agro evortat Lesbonicum, quando evortit aedibus,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 15; so,

adolescentem bonis,

id. ib. 1, 2, 177:

pupillum fortunis patriis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51:

eos fortunis omnibus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21; id. Fl. 5:

hunc funditus bonis,

id. Rosc. Am. 39 fin. —

Trop. (Acc. to I. B.)

To overturn, overthrow:

ab imo summa,

Lucr. 5, 163:

aliquem non judicio neque disceptatione, sed vi atque impressione evertere,

to ruin, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:

aliquem fortunis omnibus,

id. Div. in Caec. 6, 21.—

To overthrow completely, to subvert, ruin, destroy:

funditus aratores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18 fin.:

funditus civitates,

id. Pis. 35, 86:

eversa per te et perdita civitas,

id. ib. 24, 57; id. Lael. 7, 23; cf. Quint. 2, 16, 4; Verg. G. 1, 500:

funditus amicitiam,

Cic. Fin. 2, 25; cf.:

penitus virtutem,

id. ib. 3, 3:

totum genus hoc regiae civitatis,

id. Rep. 2, 29:

leges, testamenta,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 19; cf. id. Cat. 1, 7 fin.:

constitutam philosophiam,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 15; cf.

definitionem,

id. 2, 6 fin.:

finitionem,

Quint. 7, 3, 23:

opus,

id. 2, 17, 34:

majestatem dictatoriam et disciplinam militarem,

Liv. 8, 30 fin.:

patrimonium,

to waste, squander, Dig. 47, 6, 1:

pietatem,

Lucr. 3, 84:

spem,

Ov. M. 13, 623:

Crassos, Pompeios,

to ruin, Juv. 10, 108: titulum, to erase, Capit. Gord. Tert. 34.

occīdo ( obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aliquem pugnis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:

occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum,

to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:

occisum ad mortem,

wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—

In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):

L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

ejus copias,

id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:

ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio:

ad unum omnes,

to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23:

aliquem veneno,

to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1:

occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur,

Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.:

et occidet eum lingua viperae,

Vulg. Job, 20, 16:

occisa sunt in terrae motu,

id. Apoc. 11, 13:

dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so,

se occidere,

Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.:

occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—

Transf.

To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21:

aliā occidis fabulā,

id. Men. 5, 5, 23:

occidis saepe rogando,

Hor. Epod. 14, 5:

legendo,

id. A. P. 475.—

To ruin, undo:

occidisti me tuis fallaciis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.):

occisa est haec res, nisi, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.— Sup.:

occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt,

I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.

occĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3, v. n. [obcado], to fall down, fall.

Lit.

In gen. (rare):

et alia Signa de caelo ad terram occidunt,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 8: ut alii [p. 1251] super alios occiderent, Liv. 21, 35:

arbores ita inciderant, ut momento levi impulsae occiderent,

id. 23, 24.—

In partic.

Of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set (class.): prope jam occidente sole, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

soles occidere, et redire possunt: Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,

Cat. 5, 4:

Capra, Aquila, Canicula,

Col. 11, 2, 94:

occasura pars caeli,

i. e. western, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, i. e. sundown, sunset, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 10 (Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll., gives, instead of it, OCCASVS SOLIS; v. 2. occasus); so,

ante solem obcasum,

before sunset, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 41:

donec lux occidat,

Juv. 13, 158.—Fig.:

non occidet ultra sol tuus,

Vulg. Isa. 60, 20.—

Pregn., to fall, perish, die (class.;

syn.: obeo, pereo, intereo): exstincto calore, occidimus ipsi et extinguimur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

in bello,

id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53:

sperans hostium saevitiā facile eum occasurum,

Sall. J. 7, 2:

occiderit ferro Priamus?

Verg. A. 2, 581: dextrā suā, to die by one's own hand (by suicide), id. ib. 12, 659:

minimo vulnere,

Ov. M. 6, 265.—

Transf., to perish, be ruined, lost, etc.

Of persons:

sin plane occidimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—So, esp., occidi, an exclamation of despair, I am lost, undone, Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 75; Ter. And. 3, 4, 26:

nulla sum, nulla sum: tota tota occidi,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 1:

occidimus funditus,

Verg. A. 11, 413.—

Of things:

non hercle occiderunt mihi etiam fundique atque aedes,

I have not yet lost, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72:

occidit spes nostra,

is gone, id. Most. 2, 1, 2:

lumen (oculorum),

Lucr. 3, 414:

dolus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 6:

causa,

Lucr. 2, 790:

rem publicam occidere,

Cic. Dom. 30, 96:

vita,

id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:

occidit ornatus (mundi),

perishes, id. Ac. 2, 38, 119:

vestra beneficia occasura esse,

id. Mil. 36, 100.—Hence, occĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst., m., the quarter of the setting sun, the west, the occident (class.):

ab oriente ad occidentem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum,

Hor. Epod. 1, 13:

cui se oriens occidensque submiserat,

Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112:

validissima in se civium arma viribus occidentis coepta,

Tac. H. 2, 6: partes mundi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 339 Müll.

occīdo, for occedo, q. v.

occīdo ( obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aliquem pugnis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:

occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum,

to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:

occisum ad mortem,

wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—

In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):

L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

ejus copias,

id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:

ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio:

ad unum omnes,

to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23:

aliquem veneno,

to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1:

occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur,

Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.:

et occidet eum lingua viperae,

Vulg. Job, 20, 16:

occisa sunt in terrae motu,

id. Apoc. 11, 13:

dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so,

se occidere,

Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.:

occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—

Transf.

To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21:

aliā occidis fabulā,

id. Men. 5, 5, 23:

occidis saepe rogando,

Hor. Epod. 14, 5:

legendo,

id. A. P. 475.—

To ruin, undo:

occidisti me tuis fallaciis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.):

occisa est haec res, nisi, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.— Sup.:

occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt,

I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.

occĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3, v. n. [obcado], to fall down, fall.

Lit.

In gen. (rare):

et alia Signa de caelo ad terram occidunt,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 8: ut alii [p. 1251] super alios occiderent, Liv. 21, 35:

arbores ita inciderant, ut momento levi impulsae occiderent,

id. 23, 24.—

In partic.

Of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set (class.): prope jam occidente sole, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

soles occidere, et redire possunt: Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,

Cat. 5, 4:

Capra, Aquila, Canicula,

Col. 11, 2, 94:

occasura pars caeli,

i. e. western, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, i. e. sundown, sunset, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 10 (Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll., gives, instead of it, OCCASVS SOLIS; v. 2. occasus); so,

ante solem obcasum,

before sunset, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 41:

donec lux occidat,

Juv. 13, 158.—Fig.:

non occidet ultra sol tuus,

Vulg. Isa. 60, 20.—

Pregn., to fall, perish, die (class.;

syn.: obeo, pereo, intereo): exstincto calore, occidimus ipsi et extinguimur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

in bello,

id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53:

sperans hostium saevitiā facile eum occasurum,

Sall. J. 7, 2:

occiderit ferro Priamus?

Verg. A. 2, 581: dextrā suā, to die by one's own hand (by suicide), id. ib. 12, 659:

minimo vulnere,

Ov. M. 6, 265.—

Transf., to perish, be ruined, lost, etc.

Of persons:

sin plane occidimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—So, esp., occidi, an exclamation of despair, I am lost, undone, Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 75; Ter. And. 3, 4, 26:

nulla sum, nulla sum: tota tota occidi,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 1:

occidimus funditus,

Verg. A. 11, 413.—

Of things:

non hercle occiderunt mihi etiam fundique atque aedes,

I have not yet lost, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72:

occidit spes nostra,

is gone, id. Most. 2, 1, 2:

lumen (oculorum),

Lucr. 3, 414:

dolus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 6:

causa,

Lucr. 2, 790:

rem publicam occidere,

Cic. Dom. 30, 96:

vita,

id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:

occidit ornatus (mundi),

perishes, id. Ac. 2, 38, 119:

vestra beneficia occasura esse,

id. Mil. 36, 100.—Hence, occĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst., m., the quarter of the setting sun, the west, the occident (class.):

ab oriente ad occidentem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum,

Hor. Epod. 1, 13:

cui se oriens occidensque submiserat,

Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112:

validissima in se civium arma viribus occidentis coepta,

Tac. H. 2, 6: partes mundi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 339 Müll.

occīdo, for occedo, q. v.

ē-verto or - vorto, ti, sum, 3, v. a., to overturn, turn upside down (syn. demolior, destruo, extinguo, diruo, deleo, etc.).

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aequora ventis,

to upturn, agitate, Verg. A. 1, 43; cf.

aquas,

Ov. H. 7, 42:

mare,

Sen. Ep. 4:

campum,

i. e. to plough, Val. Fl. 7, 75:

cervices,

to twist, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 131 Ruhnk.—More freq. and class. (not in Caes.),

In partic.

To overturn any thing from its position, to overthrow, upset, throw down:

naviculam,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 174; id. Par. 3, 1, 20; id. Fin. 4, 27 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 34:

pinum,

Verg. G. 1, 256; Plin. 16, 31, 56 § 130; cf.

poët.: Ismara,

i. e. the trees of Ismarus, Stat. Th. 6, 107:

currum,

Curt. 4, 15; cf.

equum,

Prop. 4 (5), 10, 8.— Transf., of persons:

eversus,

thrown down, Plin. 21, 19, 77, § 132; 26, 13, 85, § 137.—Designating the term. ad quem:

si quis Athon Pindumve revulsos Sede sua, totos in apertum everteret aequor,

Ov. M. 11, 555; cf.:

tecta in dominum,

id. ib. 1, 231.—

Transf., to overthrow, subvert, destroy:

urbes (with diripere),

Cic. Off. 1, 24:

Carthaginem,

id. Rep. 6, 11:

Trojam,

Ov. M. 13, 169:

castellum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 34:

funditus arces,

Sil. 17, 376.—

To turn out, drive out, expel a man from his possession:

ut agro evortat Lesbonicum, quando evortit aedibus,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 15; so,

adolescentem bonis,

id. ib. 1, 2, 177:

pupillum fortunis patriis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51:

eos fortunis omnibus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21; id. Fl. 5:

hunc funditus bonis,

id. Rosc. Am. 39 fin. —

Trop. (Acc. to I. B.)

To overturn, overthrow:

ab imo summa,

Lucr. 5, 163:

aliquem non judicio neque disceptatione, sed vi atque impressione evertere,

to ruin, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:

aliquem fortunis omnibus,

id. Div. in Caec. 6, 21.—

To overthrow completely, to subvert, ruin, destroy:

funditus aratores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18 fin.:

funditus civitates,

id. Pis. 35, 86:

eversa per te et perdita civitas,

id. ib. 24, 57; id. Lael. 7, 23; cf. Quint. 2, 16, 4; Verg. G. 1, 500:

funditus amicitiam,

Cic. Fin. 2, 25; cf.:

penitus virtutem,

id. ib. 3, 3:

totum genus hoc regiae civitatis,

id. Rep. 2, 29:

leges, testamenta,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 19; cf. id. Cat. 1, 7 fin.:

constitutam philosophiam,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 15; cf.

definitionem,

id. 2, 6 fin.:

finitionem,

Quint. 7, 3, 23:

opus,

id. 2, 17, 34:

majestatem dictatoriam et disciplinam militarem,

Liv. 8, 30 fin.:

patrimonium,

to waste, squander, Dig. 47, 6, 1:

pietatem,

Lucr. 3, 84:

spem,

Ov. M. 13, 623:

Crassos, Pompeios,

to ruin, Juv. 10, 108: titulum, to erase, Capit. Gord. Tert. 34.

carpo, psi, ptum, 3 [cf.: rapio, harpazô, karpos; Engl. grab, grip, grasp].

Lit., of plants, flowers, fruits, etc., to pick, pluck, pluck off, cull, crop, gather (class.; in prose and poetry, esp. in the latter very freq.; syn. decerpere).

In gen.:

(flos) tenui carptus ungui,

Cat. 62, 43; Hor. C. 3, 27, 44; Ov. M. 9, 342:

ab arbore flores,

id. ib. 9, 380; cf.

infra, II.: rosam, poma,

Verg. G. 4, 134:

violas et papavera,

id. E. 2, 47:

violas, lilia,

Ov. M. 5, 392:

frondes uncis manibus,

id. G. 2, 366:

plenis pomaria ramis,

Ov. H. 4, 29:

vindemiam de palmite,

Verg. G. 2, 90:

fructus,

id. ib. 2, 501:

frumenta manu,

id. ib. 3, 176.—

Esp.

Of animals, to take something as nourishment (cf. Burm. ad Phaedr. 1, 28, 4); first, of nourishment from plants, to crop, pluck off, browse, graze on, etc. (syn. depascere); also of flesh, to eat, devour (rare):

alia (animalia) sugunt, alia carpunt, alia vorant, alia mandunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

carpunt gramen equi,

Verg. A. 9, 353; id. G. 2, 201; Ov. M. 1, 299:

herbam,

Verg. G. 3, 296; 3, 465; Ov. M. 13, 927:

pabula,

id. ib. 4, 217; id. F. 4, 750:

alimenta,

id. M. 15, 478:

apes carpunt ex oleā arbore ceram, e fico mel, etc.,

gather, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 24 sq.; cf.:

apis carpens thyma,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 29.— Poet.:

Invidia (personif. envy) summa cacumina carpit,

Ov. M. 2, 792:

nec carpsere jecur volucres,

id. ib. 10, 43; cf. Phaedr. 1, 28, 4.—Sometimes transf., of men:

prandium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 52:

carpe cibos digitis,

Ov. A. A. 3, 755: pisces, pulles, Mart. 3, 13, 1.—Also, to carve; hence the pun in Petr. 36 fin. —

Poet., of other things, to tear off, tear away:

summas carpens media inter cornua saetas,

Verg. A. 6, 245.—Of wool, to pluck; hence, poet., to spin:

vellera,

Verg. G. 4, 335:

pensa,

id. ib. 1, 390; Prop. 3 (4), 6, 16; Hor. C. 3, 27, 64:

lana carpta,

carded, Cels. 6, 6, 1 (hence, facete: stolidum pecus, to pluck, i. e. to fleece rich lovers, Prop. 2 (3), 16, 8; Ov. A. A. 1, 420):

ex collo furtim coronas,

to pull off, Hor. S. 2, 3, 256:

crinem genasque,

to tear, rend, lacerate, Val. Fl. 8, 7;

so acc. to Servius's inaccurate account, in a fragment of the Twelve Tables: mulier faciem ne carpito,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 606 (instead of the real words: MVLIERES. GENAS. NE. RADVNTO.; cf.

Dirks. Fragm. XII. Tab. p. 668): artus in parva frusta,

Sen. Thyest. 1061.—

Trop.

(Acc. to I. A.) To pluck, snatch, etc.:

ut omni ex genere orationem aucuper, et omnes undique flosculos carpam atque delibem,

Cic. Sest. 56, 119; id. de Or. 1, 42, 191:

atque in legendo carpsi exinde quaedam,

Gell. 9, 4, 5: oscula, to pluck, as it were, from the lips, to snatch, Prop. 1, 20, 27; Ov. H. 11, 117 Loers. N. cr.; id. M. 4, 358; Phaedr. 3, 8, 12 al.:

basia,

Mart. 5, 46, 1:

gaudia,

Ov. A. A. 3, 661:

dulcia,

Pers. 5, 151:

regni commoda carpe mei,

Ov. F. 3, 622:

fugitivaque gaudia carpe,

and snatch pleasures as they fly, Mart. 7, 47, 11:

delicias,

Prop. 2 (3), 34, 74.—

Esp.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) In a good sense, to enjoy, use, make use of (mostly poet.;

syn.: fruor, capio): breve ver et primos carpere flores,

Ov. M. 10, 85 (cf.:

flore aetatis frui,

Liv. 21, 3, 4):

illa mihi sedes, illic mea carpitur aetas,

spent, lived, passed, Cat. 68, 35:

diem,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 8:

honores virtutis,

Val. Fl. 1, 177:

auras vitales,

Verg. A. 1, 388; cf. Sil. 3, 712:

sub dio somnos,

Verg. G. 3, 435:

quietem,

id. A. 7, 414:

soporem,

id. ib. 4, 522:

noctes securas,

Val. Fl. 5, 48; a poet. circumlocution for vivere, degere, etc.—

In a bad sense.

To gnaw at or tear character or reputation, to carp at, slander, calumniate, revile:

more hominum invident, in conviviis rodunt, in circulis vellicant: non illo inimico, sed hoc maledico dente carpunt,

Cic. Balb. 26, 57:

nam is carpebatur a Bibulo, Curione, Favonio,

id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2:

Paulum obtrectatio carpsit,

Liv. 45, 35, 5:

imperatorem,

id. 44, 38, 2:

quae non desierunt carpere maligni,

Quint. 11, 1, 24:

maligno sermone,

Suet. Aug. 27:

obliquis orationibus,

id. Dom. 2:

nonnihil vocibus,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17:

aliquem sermonibus,

Liv. 7, 12, 12:

sinistris sermonibus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 5:

Ciceronem in his,

Quint. 9, 4, 64:

te ficto quaestu,

Cat. 62, 36 and 37:

et detorquere recte facta,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 6:

famam vitamque,

id. Pan. 53, 4; Suet. Calig. 34.—

To rob of strength, to weaken, enfeeble, wear away, consume; or poet., with the idea extended (cf. absumo), to consume completely, to destroy:

vires,

Verg. G. 3, 215; Liv. 9, 27, 6:

quid si carpere singula (jura) et extorquere... patiemini,

id. 34, 3, 2;

esp. of in ward care, anxiety, longing, etc.: at regina, gravi jamdudum saucia curā, Volnus alit venis et caeco carpitur igni,

Verg. A. 4, 2; Ov. M. 3, 490; 10, 370:

solane perpetua maerens carpere juventā?

Verg. A. 4, 32:

curā carpitur ista mei,

Ov. A. A. 3, 680:

aegra assiduo mens carpitur aestu,

Val. Fl. 3, 305; Lucr. 9, 744; Sil. 15, 1:

invidia carpit et carpitur unā,

Ov. M. 2, 781; cf. Prop. 3 (4), 5, 3:

non ego Tot tuos patiar labores carpere lividas Obliviones,

to wear away, Hor. C. 4, 9, 33; cf.: otia corpus alunt, animus quoque pascitur illis;

Inmodicus contra carpit utrumque labor,

Ov. P. 1, 4, 21 sq.:

aras etiam templaque demolitur et obscurat oblivio, neglegit carpitque posteritas,

Plin. Pan. 55, 9:

totum potest excedere quod potest carpi,

Sen. N. Q. 2, 13, 2.—So,

In milit. lang., to inflict injury upon an enemy (esp. by single, repeated attacks), to weaken, harass:

agmen adversariorum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

hostes carpere multifariam vires Romanas,

Liv. 3, 5, 1; 22, 32, 2; 27, 46, 6; cf. id. 3, 61, 13 infra; Weissenb. ad Liv. 22, 16, 2; Tac. A. 12, 32; Luc. 4, 156:

novissimum agmen,

Caes. B. C. 1, 78 fin.:

novissimos,

Liv. 8, 38, 6:

extrema agminis,

id. 6, 32, 11. —

To separate a whole into single parts, to cut to pieces, divide (syn.: dividere, distribuere): neque semper utendum est perpetuitate, sed saepe carpenda membris minutioribus [p. 295] oratio est, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

in multas parvasque partes carpere exercitum,

Liv. 26, 38, 2:

summam unius belli in multa proelia parvaque,

id. 3, 61, 13:

Erymanthus... ab accolis rigantibus carpitur,

is drawn off into canals, Curt. 8, 9, 410. —With a reference to the meaning

supra:

si erunt plures qui ob innocentem condemnandum pecuniam acceperint, tu non animadvertes in omnis, sed carpes ut velis, et paucos ex multis ad ignominiam sortiere?

distinguish, single out, Cic. Clu. 46, 129; cf.:

in multorum peccato carpi paucos ad ignominiam,

id. ib. —

Viam, iter, etc., or with definite local substantives, terram, mare, litora, etc., to go, tread upon, pass over, navigate, sail along or through, to take or pursue one ' s way (syn. ire):

viam,

Verg. A. 6, 629; Hor. S. 2, 6, 93; Ov. M. 8, 208; 11, 139:

iter,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 95; Ov. H. 18, 34; id. M. 2, 549; 10, 709:

supremum iter = mori,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 12:

gyrum,

to go in a circle, Verg. G. 3, 191:

fugam,

to fly, Sil. 10, 62; cf.:

prata fugā,

Verg. G. 3, 142:

pede viam,

Ov. A. A. 2, 230:

pede iter,

id. F. 3, 604:

pedibus terras, pontum remis,

Prop. 1, 6, 33:

pede campos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 23:

mare,

id. M. 11, 752:

litora,

id. ib. 12, 196;

15, 507: aëra alis,

id. ib. 4, 616; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311:

aethera,

Ov. M. 8, 219:

carpitur acclivis per muta silentia trames,

id. ib. 10, 53.

confĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj. confexim, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 39; in pass., besides the regular form conficior, freq., but not in Cic., in acc. with fīo, fieri:

confit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 7; Lucr. 4, 291; Col. 2, 15, 1; Plin. 6, 23, 26, § 103; 31, 7, 40, § 83; Macr. S. 1, 14, 13; id. Somn. Scip. 2, 3; 1, 2:

confiunt,

Lucr. 4, 738; Arn. 7, 219:

confiat,

Col. 1, 8, 12; Lucr. 4, 929 Lachm.: confiant, Imp. Leo, Cod. 2, 7, 11: confieret, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 3; 9, 7, A, 1; Liv. 5, 50, 7:

confierent,

Suet. Caes. 20; Arn. 2, 73:

confieri,

Lucr. 2, 1069; 5, 889; Caes. B. G. 7, 58; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1; Verg. A. 4, 116; v. Forbig. ad loc.; Tac. A. 15, 59; cf. Neue, Formenl. II. p. 611), v. a. [facio].

To make a thing completely ready, to make, prepare, bring about, complete, accomplish, execute, etc. (except in Quint., freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.:

nisi cottidiano sesquiopus confeceris,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 67; cf.

pensum,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 81; id. Pers. 2, 4, 1:

eme lanam, unde pallium conficiatur,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 93; cf.:

anulum, pallium, soccos suā manu,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127:

vestem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 26, § 59; Suet. Aug. 73:

ligna ad fornacem,

to make ready, prepare for, Cato, R. R. 16; cf.:

conficere atque contexere villos ovium,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

aurum et argentum,

Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 157:

frumenta (with molere),

id. 7, 56, 57, § 191:

tabulas litteris Graecis,

to write, draw up, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; [p. 413] cf.:

libros Graeco sermone,

to compose, write, Nep. Hann. 13, 2;

and librum Graece,

id. Att. 18, 6:

tabulas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 60:

orationes,

Nep. Cato, 3, 3:

illam partem superiorem orationis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 121:

nuptias,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 22; Suet. Claud. 26:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54; Sall. C. 51, 5; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 3; Liv. 21, 40, 11; so,

duella,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 254 al.; cf.

proelium,

Sall. C. 61, 1:

tantum facinus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76; cf.

caedem,

Nep. Dion, 10, 1:

legitima quaedam,

id. Phoc. 4, 2:

residua diurni actus,

Suet. Aug. 78:

mandata,

Cic. Planc. 11, 28; id. Phil. 9, 3, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 3; Sall. J. 12, 4:

omnibus rebus magnā curā, multā operā et labore confectis,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, B, 8:

ad eas res conficiendas biennium sibi satis esse ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

negotium,

id. B. C. 1, 29; Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5:

quibus rebus confectis,

Sall. C. 46, 1; Nep. Pelop. 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

confecto legationis officio,

id. B. C. 3, 103.—

Esp.

In the lang. of business, to settle, close a bargain, finish, etc.; absol.:

tu cum Apellā Chio confice de columnis,

Cic. Att. 12, 19, 1:

quod si mihi permisisses, confecissem cum coheredibus,

id. Fam. 7, 2, 1:

de Acutiliano negotio quod mihi mandaras... confeceram,

id. Att. 1, 5, 4.—

Of space or distance traversed, to pass over, accomplish, traverse, go over, make, accomplish:

iter,

Cic. Att. 4, 14, 2; Caes. B. G. 2, 12; Nep. Ages. 4, 4 al.; cf.:

tertiam partem itineris,

id. Eum. 8, 6; and poet.:

nos immensum spatiis confecimus aequor,

Verg. G. 2, 541:

cursum,

Cic. Att. 5, 12, 1; Verg. A. 5, 362:

cursum vitae,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:

cursus annuos conficit sol,

id. N. D. 1, 31, 87; 2, 20, 52:

longam viam,

id. Sen. 2, 6:

celeritate incredibili longissimas vias,

Suet. Caes. 57.—Rarely of space occupied:

tecta facturi, ut mille passuum conficiatur,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8 (14).—

Trop.

In gen., to produce, cause, make, bring about, effect:

sollicitudines mihi,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 26:

geminas nuptias,

id. ib. 4, 1, 50; cf.:

aliquid mali gnato,

id. Heaut. 5, 3, 1:

pacem,

id. ib. 5, 2, 45:

motus animorum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 324.—With two accs.:

animum auditoris mitem et misericordem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 106:

reditum alicui,

to procure, id. Fam. 9, 13, 4.—Also absol., to be efficient, to accomplish a direct result, be an active cause (philos. t. t.):

aliae causae ipsae conficiunt, aliae vim aliquam ad conficiendum afferunt,

Cic. Part. Or. 26, 93.—

Of time, to complete, finish, end, spend, pass:

cum sexaginta annos confecerit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

centum annos,

id. Or. 52, 176:

diem,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 78:

tum denique judicetur beatusne fuerit, cum extremum vitae diem morte confecerit,

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

annuum tempus,

id. Att. 15, 15, 4:

omnem vitae suae cursum in labore corporis atque in animi contentione (just before: ut in amore et voluptatibus adulescentiam suam collocaret),

id. Cael. 17, 39:

annuum munus,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 1:

biennium,

id. Quint. 12, 40:

suas horas (somnus),

Sil. 4, 89:

aequinoctium,

Col. 2, 8, 2; cf.

brumam,

id. 9, 14, 12; Plin. 18, 26, 63, § 232:

commissum ac profligatum bellum,

Liv. 8, 25, 5; Flor. 2, 15, 2.—

In philos. lang., to bring forward as proved, to show, deduce:

conclusio est, quae ex eis quae ante dicta sunt, conficit, quid necessario consequatur,

Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41 fin.; Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 53; hence, conficior, to follow logically (from something), to be deduced; with ex:

cum id perspicuum sit, quod conficiatur ex ratiocinatione,

Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 72; so Quint. 5, 14, 9; 5, 14, 22; 9, 4, 69; and absol., Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 87 al.—

Transf., to diminish, lessen, weaken an object; to sweep away, destroy, kill, wear out, consume.

Prop.:

dentes intimi escas conficiunt,

grind, Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 134; so Liv. 2, 32, 10; Plin. 11, 37, 61, § 160; cf.

cibos,

to digest, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 180 al.:

ignes Conficerent vulgo silvas, arbusta cremarent,

Lucr. 1, 905; cf.:

conficere, omnia igni, frigore,

id. 1, 536:

patrimonium suum (corresp. with dissipare),

Cic. Fl. 36, 90:

sapiens si fame ipse conficiatur... vir bonus, ne ipse frigore conficiatur, etc.,

id. Off. 3, 6, 29.—With acc. and inf.:

ipse conficior venisse tempus cum possim, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 18, 3:

nihil est opere et manu factum, quod non conficiat et consumat vetustas,

id. Marcell. 4, 11: quae vetustas est, quae vim divinam conficere possit? id. Div. 2, 57, 117.—In part. perf.: sicut fortis equus... senio confectu' quiescit, impaired, weakened, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14;

and so very freq.: confectus senectute,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

aetate,

Sall. J. 9, 4; Cat. 68, 119:

aevo,

Verg. A. 11, 85:

senectā, Ov M. 6, 37: cum corporis morbo tum animi dolore,

Cic. Mur. 40, 86; cf. id. Fin. 1, 12, 41; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

multis gravibusque vulneribus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25; 3, 5; Sall. J. 60, 7:

curā,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 4:

dolore,

Cat. 65, 1.—Without abl.:

ut fessos confectosque aggrediantur,

exhausted, Liv. 1, 23, 9; cf.:

confectus et saucius,

Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

artus,

Lucr. 3, 947:

ego te hic hac offatim conficiam,

to cut in pieces, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 52:

Athenienses,

to subdue, Nep. Lys. 1, 1; so,

provinciam,

Cic. Inv. 2, 37, 111; Liv. 26, 21, 2; 28, 28, 7; 40, 28, 8; 41, 12, 3; cf. Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; Liv. 27, 5, 3; 40, 35, 4:

duos hostium exercitus,

id. 2, 40, 13:

me (sica illa) paene confecit,

killed, Cic. Mil. 14, 37:

alterum Curiatium,

Liv. 1, 25, 10; cf.

saucium,

id. 42, 16, 1:

Caligulam vulneribus triginta,

Suet. Calig. 58:

maximam vim serpentium (ibes),

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101;

so of the killing of animals,

Suet. Claud. 21; id. Dom. 19; Lampr. Com. 13 al.; cf. confector, II.;

and in mal. part.,

Suet. Ner. 29 (v. the passage in its connection).—

Trop.:

conficere aliquem verbis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 49:

(captivos) omnibus notis ignominiisque,

Liv. 22, 61, 9:

lectio non cruda sed multa iteratione mollita et velut confecta,

Quint. 10, 1, 19:

sidus confectum,

its influence has ceased, it has set, Plin. 16, 23, 36, § 87; 18, 25, 57, § 207.—

In gen., to prepare, provide, procure, to bring together, = colligo:

virginem, Quam amabat, eam confeci sine molestiā,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.; so,

centurias,

to secure their votes, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18; cf.:

suam tribum necessariis suis,

Cic. Planc. 18, 45:

hortos mihi,

id. Att. 12, 37, 2:

bibliothecam,

id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:

exercitum difficili rei publicae tempore,

id. Imp. Pomp. 21, 61:

exercitus maximos,

id. Att. 8, 11, 2; cf.:

armata milia centum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

(serpentum) magnam multitudinem (just before, colligere),

Nep. Hann. 10, 5:

erat ei de ratiunculā apud me pauxillulum nummorum, id ut conficerem: confeci,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 4:

permagnam pecuniam ex illā re,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 52, § 138; cf.:

conficiendae pecuniae rationes,

id. Fl. 9, 20.—Hence, confĭcĭ-ens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), effecting, causing, producing, efficient (rare, and only in Cic.):

causae,

Cic. Part. Or. 26, 93: corporis bonorum conficientia (tha tôn agathôn poiêtika), productive of physical good, id. Fin. 5, 27, 81 Madv.:

civitas conficientissima litterarum,

very carefully noting down every thing, id. Fl. 19, 44.